Reloadable canister with replaceable film spool

ABSTRACT

A reloadable film canister includes a light-tight enclosure with an aperture for dispensing film therethrough. A spool of film may be loaded into the enclosure, and may be removed when the film is dispensed. In one embodiment of the invention, an encoder (field modulating) disk is included as part of the canister. In another embodiment the encoder disk is affixable to the film spool and loadable with the film spool into the canister. The spool is mountable in the enclosure for rotation therein and for dispensing, at each step of a stepper motor, a predetermined length of film corresponding to the motor&#39;s step size. The encoder disk has a plurality of uniformly-spaced, peripherally-arranged segments (elements) detectable by an external detector (sensor), the detector and the stepper motor operating under control of a microprocessor. Upon rotation of the spool and dispensation of film, the disk provides information, via the detector, to the microprocessor enabling the microprocessor to determine, from the number of motor steps and number of segments detected during rotation, the diameter of the film roll and the length of undispensed film remaining in the canister.

This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/387,020 filed Feb. 10,1995, now abandoned, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/071,529filed Jun. 3, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,389,992, which is a continuationof Ser. No. 07/590,470 filed Sep. 27, 1990, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,247,323,which is a continuation in part of Ser. No. 07/501,234 filed Mar. 29,1990, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,153,625.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally to film-monitoring systems and,particularly, to a reloadable film canister with a replaceable spoolinsertable into the canister for storing and dispensing film. The spooland/or canister may be packaged as a unit, or as part of a system forindicating the diameter of film roll within the canister, forcalculating and displaying the amount of film remaining in the canister,and for indicating the absence of film in the canister.

Accurate knowledge of the amount of film remaining in a film canister isimportant for camera systems used for computer output microfilm. Thesecamera systems are typically connected either to a host computer, amagnetic tape drive, or some other equipment which has stored blocks ofdata which are to be printed on the film by the camera system. Thesedata blocks vary in size and anywhere from a few feet to several hundredfeet of film may be required to print the data. It is important to knowthe length of film remaining in the canister before the printing of ablock of data is started so that there is enough film in the canister toprint the block. This will allow the user to load a new full roll offilm rather than have to splice the film in the middle of a data block.

Another reason it is important to accurately know the length of filmleft because some applications require that a substantial length of filmbe left unprinted at the very end of the film to facilitate threadinginto developer equipment. The accurate knowledge of length of film leftallows the camera system to automatically stop when a predeterminedamount of film is left and therefore prevent the loss of data due toexposure to light during the threading process.

Determining the amount of film in a film canister has either beeninaccurate or inconvenient with prior art devices. One device thatvisually indicates on the side of the canister the amount of film leftin the canister incorporates a lever mechanism which contacts theoutside of the film roll. This provides only a relative reading withpoor accuracy. The operator must stop the camera system and open thefilm bay area to read the amount of film left. This causes waste byexposing unprocessed film.

A second device is a meter-only system which allows for the display offilm left information on an external device such as a CRT screen. Ituses metered feed rollers to determine the amount of film removed from acanister having a predetermined starting length of film. This systemsimply subtracts the amount of film metered out from the known startinglength. This method, due to accumulating metering errors, providesrelatively poor accuracy as the canister approaches empty. The accuracyof this method also can be seriously degraded by "soft" errors of thesystem (hardware or software) which lose blocks of metering data.Additionally, this method is inconvenient because canisters aresometimes removed before the film in them is used up. This requires thatthe amount of film left in a partially used canister, as determined bythe metering system, be written on the canister. The recorded length offilm remaining in the canister must be manually entered into the systemwhen that canister is inserted or reinserted.

A third device is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,730,453, entitled "EARLYEND TAPE DETECTION," issued May 1, 1973, to inventors S. E. Hotchkiss,B. H. Smith, and P. L. Stefko. This device provides a means (an outputsignal) for identifying when a predetermined position is reached on atape. Each predetermined position signifies that a predeterminedquantity of tape remains for use. The device detects changes in angularvelocities of a tape supply reel as tape is dispensed from the reel, andproduces the output signal when the changing angular velocities(expressed in terms of pulse periods) become equal to a predeterminedangular velocity (reference pulse period) when the predeterminedposition is reached on the tape. This device does not provide fordetermination of the length-of-tape (or film)--left without the use offactors such as predetermined pulse periods, derived from predeterminedpositions, it does not have the capability to provide for continuousreadout of the length of film left.

Because it works on the principle of changing angular velocity, thismethod requires high accuracy in spindle drive velocity, in thereference frequency, and in operation of the comparator circuitry, andcreates problems in applications (such as camera systems) where themedium (tape or film) needs to start and stop frequently, acceleratingand decelerating through an entire range of angular velocities.Furthermore, this device should not be used for dispensing photographicfilm because it provides no means for shielding the film from ambientlight. Even if the device were surrounded by a light-tight enclosure,the film, most likely, could not be loaded without risk of exposureunless the lights in the room were turned off. Also, the light sourcefor the photodetector could fog the film.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of this invention to provide a film storing anddispensing canister which has a simple and accurate means for indicatingthe diameter of the film stored therein and means for indicating when acanister is out of film. The film canister consists of an enclosingshell formed of light opaque, non-electrically conductive material witha rotatable spool core or hub, which has film wound on it forming a filmroll, mounted inside and has a field modulating disk as part of thespool or mounted to it on one side. The disk would typically bemaintained inside the canister to prevent handling damage, but couldalternatively be mounted on the outside.

When incorporated in a system for employing the indicating means, whichsystem includes a sensor, a metered feed roller assembly powered by astepper motor, and a digital computer (microprocessor), together withthe canister, the system can measure the diameter of the film roll fromwhich it calculates and displays the length of film left in thecanister.

The sensor, typically located externally of the canister, detects thecompletion of each rotation of the spool while a metered feed-rollerassembly pulls the film from the canister in a precise fashion. Thisprovides a means for measuring the length of film being fed out of thecanister for each rotation of the spool.

The diameter of the film roll is calculated by a digital computer usingthe fundamental relationship between the diameter and circumference of acircle. The accuracy of this calculation is limited only by the accuracyof the metering roller and is independent of feed rate, timing, orcanister construction tolerance. The use of a digital computerfacilitates the determination of a film-out condition and allows forcompensation for various factors including the ability to average asmany readings as necessary to eliminate the effect of random errors.Given the spool core diameter and the film thickness, a digital computercan easily calculate the length of film left on the spool.

The canister employed in the system may be of the disposable type(wherein the film, the film core and, optionally, the field modulatingdisk, are permanently sealed within the enclosure). This configurationeliminates the need for the user to load the film in the canister (whichwould require a dark room or glove box).

Alternately, the canister may be of the reloadable type, wherein thefilm package is provided separately from the canister. These areassembled together in a dark environment by the user. This configurationallows the canister to be reloaded (with subsequent new film packages aseach film package is used up) and reused.

In one canister/film-package configuration, the field modulating diskwould be provided as part of the film package and would be affixed tothe core or hub upon which the film is wound. This configuration wouldbe easy to load.

In a second configuration, the disk would form an integral part of thecanister, and the film package would be separate. The film package wouldconsist of a core upon which film is wound. The core has at least onekeyway or rib or spline, through which or by which to engage the disk sothat they turn together when film is dispensed.

In a third configuration, the disk is shown as a separate item notpermanently affixed to either the core or the canister, but is assembledto the core and to the canister, or is attached to the outside of thecanister by means of a connecting shaft.

The film package for any of these configurations is provided in alight-tight bag, and a removable label containing the bar codeinformation is affixed to the bag. After the film is transferred fromthe bag to the reloadable canister (in a dark room or other darkenvironment), the label is re-affixed to the outside of the reloadablecanister.

As indicated above, each film package (spool of film) has a core (hub)portion with a roll of film wound thereon for dispensing, at each stepof the stepper motor, a predetermined incremental length of filmcorresponding to the motor's step size and feed roller diameter. Thedisk, which may be affixed to the core or to the canister, has aselected number of detectable segments usable by the computer fordetermining, from the number of motor steps and the number of segmentsdetected during rotation, the diameter of the film roll and the lengthof undispensed film remaining unused on the core of the spool.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The objects, advantages are features of the invention will be morereadily perceived from the following detailed description when read inconjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a sectional side view of a disposable film canisterconstructed in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 2 is an end sectional view taken along cutting plane 2--2 of FIG.1;

FIG. 3 is an end sectional view similar to FIG. 2 of an alternativeembodiment of the canister;

FIG. 3A is a partial sectional view similar to FIG. 3 showing analternative embodiment of the disk and hub configuration;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the sensing and calculating means of theinvention;

FIG. 5 is a logic flow diagram showing how roll diameter and length offilm left are determined from input variables;

FIG. 6A is a sectional side view of a reloadable film canister having areplaceable spool constructed in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 6B is a sectional front view of the canister and spool shown inFIG. 6A;

FIG. 7A is a sectional top view of an alternative embodiment of areloadable film canister having a replaceable spool constructed inaccordance with the invention;

FIG. 7B is a sectional side view of the canister and spool shown in FIG.7A;

FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic illustration of an encoder disk incorporated inthe spools of FIGS. 6A and 7A; and

FIGS. 9A-9D are diagrammatic illustrations showing how the replaceablespools of the present invention are journaled in a wall of the canistersof FIGS. 6A, 6B, 7A, and 7B. (For purposes of clarity, the encoder diskis omitted from FIGS. 9A-9C.)

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

With reference now to the drawing, and more particularly to FIGS. 1 and2 thereof, there is shown film canister 11 having internal hubs 12 and13 projecting inwardly from front and back sides 14 and 15 respectivelyof enclosure shell 13. The rectangular canister or film box is completedby top and bottom walls 16 and 17 and end walls 21 and 22. In actualitythe canister will be formed of two or more segments which are assembledaround the film roll in a light tight shell which is continuous exceptfor the exit slot defined by sealing elements 31. Further, the canistermay have any appropriate shape other than rectangular.

Typically the canister shell would be entirely made of electricallynon-conductive material, such as a thermo-plastic, so as to allow theunimpeded transmission of (non-visible) electromagnetic fields to thefield modulating disk. However, this limitation would not apply if thedisk is mounted outside the canister. Further, the above limitation isactually only necessary in the immediate vicinity of the location of theexternal sensor, so that the remainder of the canister could be made ofany light opaque material.

Rotatably mounted to projections 12 and 13 is spool core 23. The matingrounded surfaces of the projections and the spool provide appropriatebearing surfaces. The film tension during feed and the roll over-travelat the end of a feed cycle can typically be controlled by properselection of hub projection material and diameter without the need forany external spindle, drive or brake means, or any additional internalfriction reducing means. However any of these could be employed wheremore precise tension is required.

Mounted on one end of spool 23 is field modulating disk 24. This disk isshown as being made of metal formed with spaced cutouts 25. The metalbetween the cutouts modifies an electromagnetic field and causes achange of state in a sensor. The disk could alternatively be made of anon-conductive substance having conductive elements attached thereto,equivalent to the space between cutouts 25. Disk 24 could be formedintegrally with the spool. Other construction of the disk are alsopossible. For example, the disk could be made or surfaced with aconductive material with recesses, discontinuities or convolutions thatact like cutouts. The important feature is that, rotating with the spoolcore and film roll at a radius corresponding to where a sensor can beplaced and within close proximity to the sensing location are two ormore areas of differing interactivity with an external electromagneticfield, the transition of which may be detected by a sensor. It should benoted that for purposes of this invention, only one cutout or sensorinterrupt is required by several are shown as they may be usefullyemployed to provide an average of multiple readings in a time efficientmanner. Cutouts 25 are only as wide as necessary to have a transitionfrom conductive to non-conductive which is detectable. It need only be afraction of the angular width of the disk. Likewise the spaces betweenthe cutouts need only be wide enough for the sensor to detect atransition from non-conductive to conductive.

Wound on spool 23 is film roll 26 which is pulled out of the canister asfilm 27 through light sealing elements 31 by metered feed-rollerassembly 32. The feed-roller assembly comprises rollers 34 and 35, oneof which has a known, accurate circumference and is coupled to steppermotor 43 which is driven by stepper motor drive circuit 44 (FIG. 4).Positioned externally of canister 11 is sensor 36 electrically connectedto appropriate calculating means through wire 37 (see FIG. 4).

Sensor 36 may be of the inductive type which generates an oscillatingmagnetic field. When the conductive areas of disk 24 get close enough tothe sensor, the change in magnetic field causes electrical eddy currentsto flow in the disk material. This causes a change, such as a reductionin the amplitude or the frequency, or both, of the oscillating field,which results in a change in output voltage of sensor 36. As film ispulled out of the canister by the metered feed-roller assembly, the filmroll and field modulating disk are rotated together. The spinning diskalternately presents conductive (or electromagnetically reactive) andnon-conductive (or electromagnetically non-reactive) areas in proximitywith the sensor. Every time there is a transition from non-conductive toconductive areas of the disk, that is, at the trailing edge of a cutout,for example, the sensor is activated and it causes an interrupt of thecomputer. When the disk continues to rotate so that no conductive areasare near the detector the computer interrupt is reset. Because thecanister is made of opaque, non-conductive materials, it provides aneffective light seal but does not interfere with the detector field inthis situation. As stated above, the computer uses the length of filmmetered out by the feed-roller assembly between interrupts to generate anumber which is proportional to the diameter of the film roll in thecanister.

An alternative embodiment of the film canister is shown in FIG. 3. Itfunctions in a manner identical with the canister of FIGS. 1 and 2 butthe hub configuration is different. Core 23 is formed with hubextensions 19 and 20 which extend into canister projections 28 and 29respectively. The bearing structures permitting relatively free rotationof the core and film roll in the canister are the same or equivalent tothose already discussed.

FIG. 3A shows a disk and hub configuration for the canister whichconnects the external disk for rotation with the inner spool. Hub 55 isextended further through canister projection 56. A light tight seal isprovided between hub 55 and projection 56 by conventional means. Disk57, configured with segments to provide a sensor with signal changes, asbefore, is secured to hub 55 in some appropriate way for rotationtherewith. This enables optical position detection for the rotatingdisk, in addition to other types of detection by appropriate sensormeans.

The system for calculating the diameter of the film roll and the amountof film remaining on the spool is shown in FIG. 4. Computation andcontrol means 41 is typically a microprocessor. The microprocessor logicmodules include feed roller controller 42 which controls the meteredfeed-roller assembly 32 through stepper driver circuit 44 and steppermotor 43 based on directives received from camera system controller 53.This meters a given amount of film through the metered feed-rollerassembly which pulls film from the film roll, causing the fieldmodulating disk to turn. The field modulating disk causes the rotationsensor to change output state as conductive area transitions pass by.

Interrupt circuit 45 generates a program interrupt signal when a leading(or, alternatively, a trailing) edge of the sensor output signal isdetected. Upon detecting this program interrupt the feed rollercontroller provides to diameter calculation means 46 the number of stepsthat the film has been fed since the last interrupt. The diameter of thefilm enclosed within opaque canister 11 is provided by the followingequations: ##EQU1## where D is the diameter of the film roll,

C_(R) is the circumference of the film roll and is equal to the lengthof film metered out for one full rotation of the field modulating disk,

N is the number of motor steps driven for one rotation of the fieldmodulating disk,

S is the number of motor steps for one revolution of the motor, and

C_(F) is the circumference of the feed roller.

Calculating element 46 utilizes an algorithm based on Eqs. 1 and 2 thatuses the average of the feed lengths from complete revolutions of eachof the multiple slots of the field modulating disk. The averaging ofmultiple revolution data greatly reduces the error caused by randomsensing variations. The use of only full revolution data in thecalculations eliminates errors due to tolerances in field modulatingdisk construction. The logic used by element 46 to accurately calculatethe film roll diameter, the length of film left, and to compensate forroll coast is given in the "Logic For Roll Diameter and Length LeftCalculation" section below.

Bar codes are widely available to provide information and film canistersare no exception. Useful pertinent information about the canister andthe film mounted in it is represented on bar code label 81 (FIG. 4)which is read by conventional bar code reader 82. Bar code evaluationcircuit 83, which may be a logic module in the microprocessor, providesto film left calculator 48 information regarding several canistervariables. This is done by analyzing two information fields within thenumber read from the canister bar code when a film canister is firstplaced in the camera system. The film type field identifies the corediameter, full film length and nominal film thickness. The uniquecanister identification field is compared with the identificationnumbers stored for previously used canisters to determine if thecanister has been used before and has a calibrated film thickness valuestored. If so, it provides that information to calculate block 48. Ifnot, it provides canister variable information to film thicknesscalibrate block 84 which is enabled for that purpose.

Lot-to-lot variation in film thickness can be a significant source oferror in estimating the length of film left (using Equation 4 below) forcanisters that are nearly full. While this error goes to zero as thefilm is used up, an algorithm is provided which greatly reduces thiserror based upon knowledge of full canister film length.

Film thickness calibrate block 84 calculates the calibrated filmthickness from the full film length and the roll diameter provided bycalculate block 46 employing the equation: ##EQU2## where t is thecalibrated film thickness,

L_(f) is the full roll film length, and

d is the core diameter.

The calibrated film thickness value is automatically stored innon-volatile memory.

Length-of-film left block 48 uses the roll diameter provided by block46, the core diameter provided by bar code evaluation block 83, and thefilm thickness provided by either bar code evaluator 83 or filmthickness calibrate block 84 to calculate the length of film left in thecanister using the equation: ##EQU3## where L is the length of filmleft. This length left information is updated to display interface 85after each interrupt, and can be displayed on visual display 43, whichis typically a CRT. The length left value is stored in non-volatilememory whenever a canister is removed from the system.

Film out monitor 52 has two methods by which it detects a film-outcondition. First, when all the film has been unwound from the core, thecore and disk stop rotating. The system monitors feed roller controller42. If more than a predetermined length of film is fed without aninterrupt (from the rotation of the field modulating disk) beingdetected (indicative that the film has come loose from the core), amessage is posted to the display interface which causes a film-outmessage to appear on the visual display. The camera is then stopped atthe earliest convenient time by monitor 52.

The second film-out detection method is used, in conjunction with thefirst method, on those systems where the accuracy of the point where thefilm comes loose from the core is not a s precise as the film leftestimate. In this case film-out monitor 52 monitors the value of thefilm left on line 51 from calculator 48. When this value approaches aspecific point where the film may start to slip on the core, filmmonitor 52 takes over the estimation of the length of film left bysubtracting the amount of film fed by feed roller controller 42 from thelast reliable film left value. When this estimate of film left goes tozero a film-out message is posted to the display interface and thecamera is stopped. For situations where a substantial unprinted "tail"length of film is required, the film left estimate would be compared tothe desired tail length instead of zero.

The first film-out detection method is needed in conjunction with thesecond in order to handle various circumstances such as when theoperator changes to a different canister type (with a different corediameter) without notifying the system (through the bar code) of thechange.

Employing the film canister to facilitate diameter sensing in thisinvention has several significant advantages over known prior artdevices. It provides a simple and inexpensive means for indicating thediameter of the film on a spool in an opaque canister. The type ofdiameter indication used has inherently high accuracy, being insensitiveto most manufacturing tolerances within the unit. Furthermore, itprovides a positive film-out indicator, eliminating the need forauxiliary sensors for this purpose.

There are three basic configurations of the system of this invention toestimate the film left using the film canister to facilitate diametersensing. Each of these configurations has distinct advantages over priorart systems and devices and shows the usefulness of a film canistercontaining a field modulating disk. The three configurations could bedescribed as having the characteristics of (1): the complete systemdescribed above; (2) the complete system but without a canister bar codelabel and bar code reader; and (3) the complete system but without thebar code enhancement and without means for calibrating film thickness.

All three of these systems provide better accuracy than is provided by alever mechanism incorporated with the film canister and they avoidopening the camera bay to determine the length of film left. Anotheradvantage of the systems of this invention is that they prevent waste offilm. None is lost by unintended exposure because there is no need toopen the camera bay to check film length. Because the inventiondetermines when the film on the core is at the end, no film is thrownaway due to an unknown small amount of film which may remain, whichcould be the result with prior, less accurate film length determiningsystems. All of the embodiments of the invention allow for theelimination of a separate "film-out" sensor because it is able to detectwhen the film comes loose from the spool core and because of theinherently high film left accuracy when the film is nearly expended. Allof these embodiments also permit removal and replacement of filmcanisters without writing down or reentering intermediate film-leftdata.

System (2) above additionally has superior overall film left estimatingaccuracy than a meter-only system. Because the film thicknesscalculation uses the predetermined full canister film length, it causesthe accuracy of the output for a full (or nearly full) roll to beequivalent to a similar meter-only system. However, as film is removedfrom the roll of system (2) the accuracy can actually improve and issuperior to a meter only system because in this system there is noaccumulation of feed-length errors. If the calibrated accuracy should belost for some reason, the accuracy reverts to equivalence to system (3).

System (1) above eliminates the need by the operator (in system (2)) tospecify the type of film and whether or not it is a full roll (forcalibration) when a canister is placed in the camera system. This alsoallows calibration accuracy to be maintained if a roll is removed andreplaced and allows the determination of the amount of film in acanister before it is placed in the camera system by reading thecanister bar code and the last film-left data stored corresponding tothe unique identification field for that canister. While a meter-onlysystem could theoretically also incorporate a canister bar code and barcode reader, it would still provide inferior film-left accuracy, requirean additional film-out sensor, and would be more susceptible to certainkinds of soft system errors that cause loss of metering data.

It was previously mentioned that the disk could be inside or outside thecanister body. If it is outside, there are alternative sensing meanswhich become available. For example, optical sensors could be used withan external disk. The means for coupling an external disk to the spoolcore could be a physical direct connection or a magnetic coupling, amongothers.

Logic for Roll Diameter and Length Left Calculations

The flow diagram of FIG. 5 shows the flow of information between thevariables used by calculating element 46 to give a highly accurateestimate of the roll diameter and the length of film left. With respectto FIG. 5, the assumption is made that there are eight encoder slots orpredetermined detectable changes around the disk. The use of multipleslots allows for the averaging of more values sooner after start-up andhence more accuracy and early reduction of random errors. Using eightslots allows for the timely detection of a film out condition andassists in the elimination of coast errors by assuring that for thetypical feed cycle of 148 mm any reading received during a coastingcondition, due to roll inertia at the end of a feed cycle, will befollowed by a good reading where film tension is maintained during afeed cycle.

Execution begins when sensor 36 detects a disk slot (step 61) when thedisk is rotating. This provides an interrupt from circuit 45 to thesystem. The number of feed motor steps driven since the last detectionis obtained from feed roller controller 42 in step 62. Steps 63-67 and71 show the method used to reduce the error caused when a detection of adisk transition occurs after a feed cycle has stopped and the inertia ofthe roll has caused it to coast some unknown distance. This coast wouldcause the number of steps to be misleadingly low for this reading andhigh for the next following reading. Steps 64 and 65 average these tworeadings and set these readings equal to their average. Theoreticallythese values should differ by an amount corresponding to the differencein film roll diameters for these two different times. However, fortypical values of film thickness and motor characteristics (steps perrevolution) the reading difference would be less than one motor step andnot significant. This logic requires that each reading be "buffered" orheld back one cycle of logic, beginning at step 72, so that each readingcan be processed with the next reading to correct for coast errorsbefore any further calculations take place.

In step 72 each of the previous eight readings (read in the last eightlogic cycles before the present reading) are added together in order toobtain the total number of steps for one full revolution of the disk.

In step 73 the last eight revolution totals (including the last)computed in step 72 during the last eight logic cycles are averaged andthis average is multiplied by the distance the film moves for one feedmotor step to obtain an average diameter. Because there are eight slotsin the disk this average of eight revolution totals is obtained in justtwo rotations of the disk.

The average of the roll is calculated simply by the relationship:##EQU4## where "Step Size" (equal to C_(F) /S) is the length of film fedby the metered feed-roller assembly for one step of the feed-rollercontroller.

The estimated diameter of the roll at the instant of the last detectionis obtained in step 74 by subtracting from this average the offset indiameter caused by one rotation of the disk (two thicknesses of film areremoved from the diameter for each rotation).

The estimated length of film left on the roll is easily calculated instep 75 from the roll diameter as explained previously. This method fordetermining film roll diameter and film length reduces the need forprecision in-construction of the field modulating disk and at the sametime it filters out random sensing and coast read errors.

Alternative Embodiments

Other embodiments of the system may feature the use of a reloadable filmcanister, such as the reloadable film canister 111 shown in FIGS. 6A and6B (e.g., a 105 millimeter wide film canister), or reloadable canister112 shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B (e.g., a 16 millimeter wide film canister).

Canisters 111 and 112 each includes a housing or enclosure 113 comprisedof a lid or upper portion 117, and a mating or bottom portion 115attached to the lid portion by a hinge 119. The lid may be opened andclosed in the directions shown by arrow 121 permitting easy replacement(pull out, and insertion) of a spool of film in the canister. Theenclosure of canister 111 includes two latches 120, 122, and theenclosure of canister 112 includes a latch 124, bridging the edges ofboth lid and mating portions, for latching (locking closed) saidportions. The enclosure of canister 112 also includes two springs 134,136, for biasing lid 117 to a closed position.

The spool 123 (FIGS. 6A, 6B) includes a core (hub) portion 125 with film131, and a disk portion 127, whereas the spool 126 (FIGS. 7A, 7B)includes only a core portion 125 with film 131; the disk 128 (in FIGS.7A and 7B) is fixed to the canister 112. A film 129 is wound on the core125, forming a film roll 131 with a diameter D (FIG. 6A). Disk. 127(FIGS. 6A and 8) and disk 128 (FIG. 7A) each includes a plurality ofuniformly-spaced peripherally-disposed segments (e.g., eight metallicelements/labels) 133-147 detectable by an electromagnetic sensor 151(FIGS. 6B, 7B) via an opaque plastic window 153. The canisters 111, 112each includes a pair of guide rollers 155, 157 (FIGS. 6A and 7A) forguiding film 159 therethrough to drive rollers of a stepper motor (notshown). The guide rollers direct the film through a circuitous path,forming a light-tight labyrinth. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6A, oneguide roller 155 is positioned in the top portion or lid 117 of theenclosure, and the other guide roller 157 is positioned in the bottomportion of the enclosure. This allows for easy loading and threading offilm, and easy access for cleaning the rollers.

As shown in FIGS. 6B, 9A and 9B, the spool 123 of film 129 may bejournaled (i.e., mounted for rotation) in the canister 111, with thespool fitting into a recess or groove 165 (FIG. 9A), or fitting onto ahub 167 (FIGS. 6B and 9B) of the canister. Alternatively, as shown inFIGS. 7A, 7B and 9C, the core 125 may form a sleeve 128 for rotation ona shaft 169, the shaft being secured to the canister 112 by screws 171,173. Also, as shown in FIG. 7B, a flange 130 may be mounted for rotationon the shaft 169, the flange being separated from the encoder disk 128by a spacer 132. The flange is useful in preventing the film 129 fromtelescoping (progressively skewing) on the core 125 during rotation ofthe spool. Telescoping could cause the film to jam in the canister. InFIG. 7B, the flange 130 is shown to include a projection (finger orscrew head) 175 (and an optional projection 177) for mating with andengaging one or more ribs 179 (FIG. 7A) of the core 125 when the filmspool is inserted onto the shaft 169 (FIGS. 7A and 7B). This flange-core(projection-rib) structure eliminates the need for more complexstructures for coupling the film core to the flange and encoder disk.

In view of the above description, it is likely that modifications andimprovements will occur to those skilled in the art which are within thescope of the accompanying claims. For example, under some circumstancesit may be possible or desirable for the sensor to be located integrallywithin the shell.

While the present invention is susceptible of embodiment in variousforms, there is shown in the drawings and described in the specificationcertain preferred embodiments, with the understanding that the presentdisclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the invention,and is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodimentsillustrated.

What is claimed is:
 1. A reloadable film feed apparatus comprising:anopenable and reclosable light-tight housing defining an interior filmreceiving region and a film output slot; a support member carried bysaid housing; a film carrying core which can be inserted into saidhousing and rotatably carried on said support member; at least onerotation indicating, disk shaped element carried inside of said housingwherein said core is coupled to said element within said housing atleast when said core is so inserted, and wherein said element is movablein response to and is usable to detect a rotation of said core inresponse to film being drawn therefrom.
 2. A film feed apparatus as inclaim 1 which includes a sensor positioned adjacent to said element andwherein said sensor will produce a plurality of pulses in response torotation of said core.
 3. A film feed apparatus as in claim 1 whereinsaid element includes and encoder disk.
 4. A film feed apparatus as inclaim 1 which includes at least one metallic element, coupled to saiddisk, wherein said element moves in response to movement of said disk.5. A film feed apparatus as in claim 4 wherein said metallic element ispositioned within said housing, at least when said core is so inserted.6. A reloadable film canister usable with an adjacent, exterior, sensorwherein the sensor generates electrical signals indicative of film beingextracted from the canister, the canister comprising:a film carryingcore; a housing wherein said housing defines an interior film receivingregion, said housing being openable to receive said film core, saidhousing defining a film output slot; a support member carried by saidhousing for rotatably carrying said core; a rotation indicatingmechanism having a disk with a plurality of radially disposed, spacedapart, rotation indicating elements and wherein said disk is located insaid housing and is coupled to said core at least when said core isinserted into said housing, wherein as film is drawn off of said corethrough said film output slot said disk and said rotation indicatingelements rotate in response thereto.
 7. A canister as in claim 6 whereinsaid rotation indicating elements protrude from said disk.
 8. A canisteras in claim 6 wherein each said rotation of said core, in response tofilm being drawn therefrom, causes the sensor to produce a predeterminednumber of output signals.
 9. A reloadable film canister usable with anadjacent, exterior, sensor wherein the sensor generates electricalsignals indicative of film being extracted from the canister, thecanister comprising:a film carrying core; a housing wherein said housingdefines an interior film receiving region, said housing being openableto receive said film core, said housing defining a film output slot; asupport member carried by said housing for rotatably carrying said core;a rotation indicating mechanism having a disk wherein said mechanismincludes at least one detectable metal indicator, coupled to said disk,and wherein said disk is positioned inside of said housing and iscoupled to said core at least when said core is inserted into saidhousing, wherein as film is drawn off of said core through said filmoutput slot, each rotation of said disk moves said metal indicator pastthe sensor at least once.
 10. A canister as in claim 9 wherein saidmetal indicator is also positioned within said housing at least whensaid disk is coupled to said core.
 11. A reloadable film canistercomprising:a light-tight housing defining an interior film receivingregion and a film output slot wherein said housing is formed with firstand second parts which are movable with respect to one another from aclosed, light-tight, condition to an open, reloading, condition and thento said closed condition; a support member carried by said housing; arotation indicating disk wherein said disk carries a plurality ofcircumferentially disposed, spaced apart, rotation indicating elements;a film carrying core removably insertable into said housing when saidhousing is in said open condition, wherein said core is rotatablycarried on said support member and wherein said core is coupled to saiddisk within said housing at least when said core is so inserted, whereinsaid disk rotates with and is usable to detect a rotation of said corein response to film being pulled from said core, with said diskpositioned in said housing when said core is so inserted.
 12. A canisteras in claim 11 wherein said rotation indicating elements protrude fromsaid disk.
 13. A canister as in claim 11 wherein said disk is fixedlyattached to said core and insertable into said housing with said core.14. A film supply reel usable with a single reel, reloadable, filmcanister which defines an internal volume, a film output slot and asupport element, the supply reel comprising:a cylindrical core removablyinsertable into the canister wherein said core has first and secondends; film wound about said core with said film extendable through saidoutput slot when said core is inserted into the canister; and a filmremoval indicating disk carried on an end of said core wherein said corecarries a surface for rotatably and removably engaging said canistersupport element and wherein said disk is located in said housing whensaid core is so inserted.
 15. A reloadable canister for use in a filmexposing system wherein the system includes a detector which producessignals indicative of film movement, the canister comprising:an openablehousing with a film output slot; an element carried within the housing,for rotatably supporting a film carrying reel whereby the reel rotatesas film is drawn through the output slot; an output device whichincludes a rotatable element having a circular crosssection carriedwithin the housing, at least in part adjacent a side wall thereof atleast when the film reel is inserted therein, wherein at least a portionof the device rotates in response to film being drawn off of the reeland wherein the detector senses an indication generated by the devicethat film is being withdrawn and the reel is rotating.
 16. A canister asin claim 15 wherein the rotatable element comprises a rotationindicating disk coupled to the film.
 17. A film exposing systemcomprising:a film extraction device; a sensor of film movement; acontrol element coupled to the device and the sensor; and a fieldreloadable film canister positionable adjacent to the sensor wherein thecanister includes an openable housing with a film output slot; anelement carried within the housing, for rotatably supporting a filmcarrying reel whereby the reel rotates as film is drawn through theoutput slot; an output device which includes a rotatable element havinga circular crosssection carried within the housing, at least in partadjacent a side wall thereof at least when the film reel is insertedtherein, wherein at least the rotatable element rotates in response tofilm being drawn off of the reel and wherein the detector senses anindication generated by the device that film is being withdrawn from thereel.
 18. A film exposing system as in claim 17 wherein the rotatableelement comprises a rotation indicating disk coupled to the film.